Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12202/3492
Title: Prohormone processing and packaging into nascent secretory vesicles in vitro
Authors: Xu, Huaxi
Keywords: Cellular biology.
Animal Physiology.
Issue Date: 1993
Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
Citation: Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-04, Section: B, page: 1761.;Advisors: Dennis Shields.
Abstract: Most small peptide hormones are synthesized as larger precursors which undergo endoproteolytic cleavage to generate the mature hormone. A characteristic feature of peptide hormone secreting cells is their ability to store the mature hormone in membrane-bound secretory granules. Morphological evidence from several laboratories has implicated distal Golgi/Trans-Golgi Network (TGN) as the site where prohormone cleavage may be initiated. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism whereby precursors and the mature hormones are sorted from constitutively secreted proteins in the TGN and packaged into secretory granules. To characterize the cellular machinery that mediates these processes, I established an in vitro system from retrovirally infected rat anterior pituitary GH{dollar}\sb3{dollar} cells which express high levels of prosomatostatin (proSRIF), as well as endogenous growth hormone (GH). ProSRIF could be accumulated quantitatively in the TGN by incubating the cells at 20{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C. Permeabilized cells were prepared and incubated in the presence of cytosol, ATP and GTP at 37{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C. Under these conditions, proSRIF was cleaved to the mature hormone. Prohormone cleavage required ATP but not GTP. Furthermore, proSRIF cleavage in vitro was inhibited by the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue ATP{dollar}\gamma{dollar}S or weak bases or protonophores suggesting that the function of ATP in processing is to generate a proton gradient and hence an acidic pH within the TGN for maximal prohormone processing enzyme activity. In contrast to proteolytic cleavage, budding of SRIF and GH containing vesicles from the TGN required both GTP and cytosol, in addition to ATP. Addition of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue GTP{dollar}\gamma{dollar}S to the system inhibited post-TGN vesicle formation but had no effect on prohormone cleavage, suggesting that GTP-binding proteins may be involved. If permeabilized cells were washed repeatedly with physiological salt, surprisingly, there appeared to be no cytosol requirement for in vitro budding. However, when permeabilized cells were treated with high salt to remove any putative budding factors, the high salt washed permeabilized cells were unable to support vesicle budding, whereas proSRIF cleavage was unaffected. Vesicle budding activity was completely restored by addition of cytosol or dialysed salt-extract to the salt-washed system. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that tightly bound budding factors are present on the surface of TGN membranes. My results suggest that prohormone cleavage occurs in the TGN prior to vesicle budding and proteolytic processing can be uncoupled from subsequent packaging of the hormones into immature secretory granules.
URI: https://ezproxy.yu.edu/login?url=http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9325663
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12202/3492
Appears in Collections:Albert Einstein College of Medicine: Doctoral Dissertations

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