Intending is Believing: The Impact of Prospective Memory on False Memory of Task Performance
Abstract
In the current study, we explore whether forming an intention to carry out a delayed
action (i.e., prospective memory) makes one more susceptible to experiencing false
memory of action performance. Past research (e.g., Cohen, 2013; Gollwitzer & Sheeran,
2006) has shown that forming a prospective memory is akin to forming an if-then
statement (e.g., if I see my friend, then I must remember to give him a message). We
hypothesized that forming these future-oriented intentions can make one more susceptible
to falsely believing that the intention was actually carried out. To our knowledge, no
researchers have specifically examined this research question. In our study, we had 40
participants play a charades-like game called “Taboo,” in which one person must prompt
the other to guess a target-word. Participants learned a set of word pairs, and then were
told that some of the word pairs would be specific cues that they must use for certain
target-words. Twenty-four hours later, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire
in which they were informed that they said the cue words for words that never actually
appeared during the Taboo game. We evaluated their memory clarity of remembering to
say these cue words. Our results supported our hypothesis that formation of a future
intention makes one more susceptible to false memory.
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