Severity and transition of suicidal behaviors in childhood: sex, racial, and ethnic differences in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the prevalence, incidence, and transitions of suicide ideation and attempts and sex and racial/ethnic differences among children enrolled in three yearly assessments of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The forms of suicidal ideation (SI) (no SI, passive, nonspecific active, and active) among those who attempted suicide were also described. Methods: A subsample of 9,923 children (9e10 years old at baseline, 48.6% female) completed the KSADS-5 questions about suicide ideation and attempts in three yearly assessment (83.5% of baseline sample). Results: Almost 18% of the children reported suicidal ideation and 2.2% a suicide attempt at one of the three assessments. Passive (6.9%) and nonspecific active (6.4%)were the most frequent forms of suicidal ideation reported. Of the children with suicidal ideation at baseline, 5.9% first attempted suicide in the two subsequent years. Boys (vs. girls) reported more suicidal ideation at baseline. Black children (vs. White and Hispanic/Latinx) and girls (vs. boys)weremore likely to start thinking about suicide over time. Black children (vs.White) reportedmore suicide attempts at baseline and across assessments.More than half of the childrenwhoattemptedsuicide atanyassessment reportednonspecific active suicidal ideation (desire to kill oneself without plan/intent/method) as the most severe form of ideation. Discussion: Findings suggest a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among children in the US. When conducting risk assessments, clinicians should consider both active and nonspecific active suicidal ideation. Early intervention with children who are thinking about suicide may reduce their risk for attempting suicide. 2023 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.