Three-Parent Babies: Scientific and Halachic considerations.

Abstract

Mitochondria are one of the most complex and intricate cytoplasmic organelles found in the cell. It is a membrane bound cellular structure found in most eukaryotic organisms. Known as the powerhouses of the cell, they are responsible for 90% of the energy needed to sustain life and support organ function. The main function of mitochondria is to metabolize sugar and fats and transform them into a usable form of cellular energy. This process is carried out by oxidative phosphorylation and the energy produced as a result is stored in the form of the molecule adenosine triphosphate, or ATP . Subsequently, the energy released from the hydrolysis of bonds of ATP is used to power metabolic processes. In addition to providing energy, mitochondria are also involved in activities such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and control of cell cycle and cell growth