The resilience of Ethiopian children: The role of psychosocial competences in mediating the relationships between risk factors and developmental outcomes

Abstract

This dissertation delves into the remarkable resilience exhibited by Ethiopian children growing up in adverse socioeconomic and political environments. The study's primary objective is to explore the factors influencing their developmental trajectories and overall well-being. Despite confronting a multitude of challenges, including but not limited to poverty, limited access to education, child labor, malnutrition, health issues, early marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM), political instability, natural disasters, and discrimination, some Ethiopian children manage to achieve positive developmental outcomes. This research aims to shed light on how these children navigate their circumstances and identify the factors contributing to their remarkable ability to thrive against all odds.____

The study is based on data collected from the older cohort of 814 children through the Young Lives survey during 2013 (Round 4) and 2016 (Round 5), when these children were approximately 15 and 22 years old, respectively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed as the primary analytical tool to examine relationships between various variables, including child-level protective/risk factors, psychosocial competence, and well-being. SEM provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay of these variables that influence child development. Despite the complexities of constructing composite indices and investigating causal relationships, SEM proves to be an invaluable method for understanding the complex factors shaping children's developmental trajectories in challenging environments._____

The study's research questions revolve around three key areas: (1) the extent to which empirical evidence supports the bioecological framework for developmental trajectories among Ethiopian children, (2) the mediating role of psychosocial competence in the relationship between childhood risks and developmental outcomes, and (3) the cumulative effect of specific child characteristics, such as gender and psychosocial factors, on the well-being of these children.______

The findings indicate that child-level protective/risk factors significantly predict psychosocial competence, with the immediate environment (Microsystem) exerting a significant influence on a child's development. However, the direct impact of psychosocial competence on well-being is not deemed significant. By identifying these child-level protective/risk factors and their interactions within the immediate environment, the research underscores the resilience displayed by some children in the face of adversity. This knowledge can inform interventions and policies that aim to promote resilience and enhance the well-being of children facing similar challenges.______

The study emphasizes the importance of considering the Microsystem in child development interventions within the ecological context. While psychosocial competence plays a lesser role, it offers opportunities for empowering interventions through school-based and family programs. The research suggests further methodological refinements and mixed methods to better understand dynamic developmental trajectories